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The design of a moderate gain embroidered antenna using the resonant cavity concept is presented. The patch as the main radiator and the partially reflective surface (PRS) structure as the superstrate are realized using an industrial embroidery machine. The PRS consists of periodic cross-slots (9 × 9 unit cells) in order to have a durable embroidered structure. The groundplane is made of a conductive woven fabric. The fabricated antenna has a relatively broad 1 dB-gain-bandwidth (10%) and a directive pattern (3 dB beam-width of 40° at the center frequency). Despite the higher losses in the conductive thread due to the resonant cavity effect, this antenna has a maximum realized gain of 6.8 dBi, which is typically 3 to 6 dB more than other embroidered single patch antennas.
An embroidered PRS antenna has been realized using Shieldex 110/34 dtex 2-ply conductive thread. It has a directive pattern and a realized gain higher than 3 to 6 dB compared to other embroidered single patch antennas. The antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth of 23% and broad 1 dB-gain-bandwidth of 10%. Here we showed the resonant cavity concept has been successfully applied to increase the gain of an embroidered textile antenna.
The measured antenna has a relatively broad 1 dB-gain-bandwidth (around 10%). It tends to have lower gain than that from simulation, which can be explained by the effect of the lossy nature of the embroidery parts. It is also worth to mention (see Fig. 2) that the average of the radiation efficiency in the range 9-10 GHz is relatively low 17%, which is attributed mainly to the losses in the conductive thread.
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